{"id":30919,"date":"2024-10-23T10:15:40","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T08:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/breuell-hilgenfeldt.de\/?page_id=30919"},"modified":"2025-08-25T11:07:35","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T09:07:35","slug":"cooling-the-power-electronics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dev.breuell-hilgenfeldt.de\/en\/electronics-industries\/cooling-the-power-electronics\/","title":{"rendered":"Cooling the power electronics"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"30919\" class=\"elementor elementor-30919 elementor-30412\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-8e7dc48 wd-section-stretch e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8e7dc48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06e99f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"06e99f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2607c75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2607c75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Power electronics<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1faef8 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1faef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Power electronics is a branch of electrical engineering that deals with the conversion and control of electrical energy. Electrical circuits and components are used to efficiently transfer energy between different voltage, current or frequency levels. Power electronics are used in a wide range of applications, from industrial machines to electric vehicles and renewable energies.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fc2fa elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"10fc2fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.breuell-hilgenfeldt.de\/en\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Get in touch<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae2994b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae2994b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-ff9b91d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ff9b91d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ce7990 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ce7990\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9bdf6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d9bdf6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99ab12b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99ab12b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tasks of power electronics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-604b395 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"604b395\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1000\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1000\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Conversion of electrical energy: <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1000\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79662c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79662c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07ed683 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07ed683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rectifier:<\/strong> Converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).<\/p><p><strong>Inverters:<\/strong> Convert direct current into alternating current.<\/p><p><strong>DC-DC converters:<\/strong> Adapt the DC voltage to different voltage levels.<\/p><p><strong>AC-AC converters:<\/strong> Change the frequency or amplitude of alternating current signals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1001\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1001\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\">  Regulation and control of energy flows: <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1001\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5790843 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5790843\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ef539 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2ef539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Targeted control of the current and voltage ratios means that the power can be optimally adapted to consumers.<\/p><p>This control is often carried out via electronic switches such as transistors, thyristors or MOSFETs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1002\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1002\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\">  Efficient energy transfer: <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1002\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f01066e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f01066e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cd3b8a color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6cd3b8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The aim of power electronics is to minimize energy losses during conversion and control in order to maximize the efficiency of systems.<\/p><p>This plays a particularly important role in mobility (electric cars) and renewable energy (e.g. solar systems, wind turbines).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1003\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1003\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Voltage and current regulation: <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1003\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14abfda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14abfda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-397e800 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"397e800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPower electronic systems can precisely regulate the voltage and current flow in a system and thus help to protect consumers and optimize grid stability.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1004\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1004\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Regulation and control of energy flows: <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1004\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5bcdc6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f5bcdc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3c3752 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3c3752\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn electric motors, such as those used in industry or in electric vehicles, the power electronics control the speed, torque and energy consumption.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6d38d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc6d38d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8180d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b8180d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/dev.breuell-hilgenfeldt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Leistungselektronik-Kuehlen.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-32970\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dev.breuell-hilgenfeldt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Leistungselektronik-Kuehlen.png 600w, https:\/\/dev.breuell-hilgenfeldt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Leistungselektronik-Kuehlen-400x267.png 400w, https:\/\/dev.breuell-hilgenfeldt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Leistungselektronik-Kuehlen-430x287.png 430w, https:\/\/dev.breuell-hilgenfeldt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Leistungselektronik-Kuehlen-150x100.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-460fef2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"460fef2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7b39b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f7b39b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typical applications of power electronics:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e05c93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0e05c93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21b6e17 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21b6e17\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f88b31 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"3f88b31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m21 24c-1.654 0-3-1.346-3-3 0-.859.368-1.67 1-2.242v-5.758c0-1.103.897-2 2-2s2 .897 2 2v5.758c.632.571 1 1.383 1 2.242 0 1.654-1.346 3-3 3z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m13.25 15h-4.5c-.965 0-1.75-.785-1.75-1.75v-4.5c0-.965.785-1.75 1.75-1.75h2.086c.467 0 .907.182 1.237.513l2.414 2.414c.331.33.513.77.513 1.237v2.086c0 .965-.785 1.75-1.75 1.75z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m21 5h-2.18c-.31-.85-.97-1.51-1.82-1.82v-2.18c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1v2h-3v-2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1v2h-3v-2c0-.55-.45-1-1-1s-1 .45-1 1v2.18c-.85.31-1.51.97-1.82 1.82h-2.18c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1h2v3h-2c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1h2v3h-2c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1s.45 1 1 1h2.18c.31.85.97 1.51 1.82 1.82v2.18c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-2h3v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1s1-.45 1-1v-2h3v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1 .03 0 .07 0 .1-.01-.07-.32-.1-.65-.1-.99 0-1.09.36-2.14 1-3v-2c0 .55-.45 1-1 1h-10c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1v-10c0-.55.45-1 1-1h10c.55 0 1 .45 1 1v7c0-1.48.8-2.77 2-3.46v-2.54h2c.55 0 1-.45 1-1s-.45-1-1-1z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTemperature sensors\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tConversion of direct current from the solar cells into grid-compatible alternating current.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d20aa2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d20aa2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d1ce89 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6d1ce89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m23.383 2.076c-.374-.155-.804-.07-1.09.217l-4 4c-.286.286-.372.716-.217 1.09.154.373.52.617.924.617h4c.553 0 1-.448 1-1v-4c0-.404-.243-.769-.617-.924z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m5 16h-4c-.553 0-1 .448-1 1v4c0 .404.243.769.617.924.124.051.254.076.383.076.26 0 .516-.102.707-.293l4-4c.286-.286.372-.716.217-1.09-.154-.373-.52-.617-.924-.617z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m1.001 11.56c-.043 0-.086-.002-.13-.008-.548-.071-.934-.573-.862-1.121.773-5.947 5.932-10.431 12.001-10.431 3.69 0 7.324 1.63 9.722 4.36.365.415.324 1.047-.091 1.411-.415.363-1.047.323-1.411-.092-2.024-2.304-5.097-3.679-8.22-3.679-5.067 0-9.373 3.735-10.019 8.689-.065.504-.495.871-.99.871z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m12 24c-3.685 0-7.322-1.629-9.73-4.358-.365-.414-.326-1.046.088-1.412.414-.363 1.045-.327 1.412.088 2.034 2.306 5.111 3.682 8.23 3.682 5.066 0 9.373-3.735 10.019-8.689.071-.548.568-.941 1.12-.863.548.071.934.573.862 1.121-.773 5.947-5.933 10.431-12.001 10.431z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m16.908 10.39c-.132-.241-.384-.39-.658-.39h-3.114l.854-5.126c.057-.343-.129-.68-.449-.814-.319-.137-.691-.033-.896.248l-5.5 7.5c-.167.228-.192.53-.064.782.128.251.387.41.669.41h3.145l-.814 6.151c-.047.349.155.683.486.803.083.031.17.046.256.046.25 0 .491-.125.632-.346l5.427-8.5c.147-.231.157-.524.026-.764z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnergy supply networks\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tConversion and distribution of electrical energy to ensure grid stability.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fde6fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8fde6fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f86996 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f86996\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c9f1d9 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6c9f1d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m12 12.25c-1.241 0-2.25-1.009-2.25-2.25s1.009-2.25 2.25-2.25 2.25 1.009 2.25 2.25-1.009 2.25-2.25 2.25zm0-3c-.414 0-.75.336-.75.75s.336.75.75.75.75-.336.75-.75-.336-.75-.75-.75z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m11.235 10.376c.019-.109.015-.224-.018-.337-.113-.399-.529-.628-.927-.516l-5.362 1.528c-.79.225-1.419.791-1.726 1.551-.306.758-.247 1.598.163 2.305.41.708 1.11 1.179 1.921 1.292.125.018.25.026.375.026.68 0 1.333-.261 1.832-.741l4.009-3.863c.298-.288.307-.762.02-1.061-.083-.084-.181-.146-.287-.184z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m20.797 12.603c-.307-.76-.936-1.326-1.726-1.551l-5.362-1.528c-.399-.113-.813.117-.927.516-.032.113-.037.228-.018.337-.105.038-.204.1-.287.186-.288.298-.279.773.02 1.061l4.01 3.863c.499.48 1.15.741 1.831.741.124 0 .249-.009.375-.026.811-.114 1.511-.585 1.921-1.292.41-.709.47-1.55.163-2.307z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m12.486 9.237c.336 0 .642-.227.727-.567l1.353-5.392c.199-.792.024-1.616-.479-2.26-.504-.647-1.265-1.018-2.087-1.018s-1.583.371-2.087 1.018c-.503.644-.677 1.468-.478 2.26l1.353 5.392c.101.402.508.645.91.545.114-.029.217-.084.302-.156.085.072.187.127.303.156.061.015.122.022.183.022z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m13.75 15.25h-3.5c-.251 0-.485-.125-.624-.334s-.165-.473-.068-.705l1.25-3c.159-.382.599-.563.981-.404.08.033.15.079.211.133.061-.055.132-.1.211-.133.381-.16.821.021.981.404l1.25 3c.096.231.071.496-.068.705s-.373.334-.624.334zm-2.375-1.5h1.25l-.625-1.5z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m13.75 22h-3.5c-.414 0-.75-.336-.75-.75v-6.75c0-.414.336-.75.75-.75h3.5c.414 0 .75.336.75.75v6.75c0 .414-.336.75-.75.75zm-2.75-1.5h2v-5.25h-2z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m20.25 24h-16.5c-.414 0-.75-.336-.75-.75s.336-.75.75-.75h16.5c.414 0 .75.336.75.75s-.336.75-.75.75z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m17.171 22.915-1-2c-.127-.254-.387-.415-.671-.415h-7c-.284 0-.544.161-.671.415l-1 2c-.116.232-.104.509.033.73.137.22.378.355.638.355h9c.26 0 .501-.135.638-.355.136-.222.149-.498.033-.73z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWind turbines\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tControl and conversion of electrical energy from generators.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62f10e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"62f10e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240e185 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"240e185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"Bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m21 18h-18c-1.654 0-3 1.346-3 3s1.346 3 3 3h18c1.654 0 3-1.346 3-3s-1.346-3-3-3zm-18 4c-.551 0-1-.449-1-1s.449-1 1-1 1 .449 1 1-.449 1-1 1zm6 0c-.551 0-1-.449-1-1s.449-1 1-1 1 .449 1 1-.449 1-1 1zm6 0c-.551 0-1-.449-1-1s.449-1 1-1 1 .449 1 1-.449 1-1 1zm6 0c-.551 0-1-.449-1-1s.449-1 1-1 1 .449 1 1-.449 1-1 1z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m14.25 13h-4.5c-.414 0-.75.336-.75.75v5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5c.414 0 .75-.336.75-.75v-5c0-.414-.336-.75-.75-.75z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m7.25 9h-4.5c-.414 0-.75.336-.75.75v4.5c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5c.414 0 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data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m5 5.25c-.414 0-.75-.336-.75-.75v-3.75c0-.414.336-.75.75-.75s.75.336.75.75v3.75c0 .414-.336.75-.75.75z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIndustrial automation\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tControl of machines and processes using controlled electric drives.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a600d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a600d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67ced1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67ced1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e3bfcc elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"3e3bfcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m2.347 13.953c.318.121.702.007.897-.307l4.643-7.442c.144-.23.151-.522.02-.761-.134-.238-.385-.385-.657-.385h-1.886l.766-4.172c.063-.346-.121-.689-.444-.826-.323-.136-.698-.033-.903.253l-4.643 6.48c-.164.229-.187.529-.058.779.129.251.387.408.668.408h1.911l-.795 5.155c-.054.352.147.694.481.818z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><path d=\"m10.469 6-.469 1.81c1.273.246 2.218.577 3.27 1.04l-.74 3.12c-.18.74-.04 1.53.38 2.17s1.1 1.07 1.85 1.19l6.85 1.11c.4 1.15.54 2.41.29 3.8h-.01c-.339-1.285-1.5-2.24-2.89-2.24-1.298 0-2.396.834-2.813 1.99h-7.374c-.417-1.156-1.515-1.99-2.813-1.99-1.343 0-2.469.892-2.85 2.111-.143-.07-.293-.164-.44-.331-.38-.42-.87-1.45-.66-3.83-.796-.228-1.416-.579-1.84-1.37-.47 3.1-.12 5.31 1.05 6.58.682.744 1.464.988 2.005 1.06.469 1.047 1.516 1.78 2.735 1.78 1.306 0 2.407-.843 2.819-2.01h7.362c.412 1.167 1.513 2.01 2.819 2.01 1.211 0 2.251-.725 2.724-1.76h.176c.95 0 1.76-.69 1.94-1.63 1.7-9.293-10.403-14.61-13.371-14.61z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tElectric vehicles\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMotor control, battery management and charging infrastructure.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df7f260 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df7f260\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-687cb80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"687cb80\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da5f770 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"da5f770\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m12 0c-6.617 0-12 5.383-12 12s5.383 12 12 12 12-5.383 12-12-5.383-12-12-12zm0 5c.552 0 1 .448 1 1s-.448 1-1 1-1-.448-1-1 .448-1 1-1zm2.25 14h-4.5c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.25v-6h-.75c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.75c.553 0 1 .448 1 1v7h1.25c.553 0 1 .448 1 1s-.447 1-1 1z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPower electronics is therefore central to modern, energy-efficient and sustainable technology development.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-4ef82dc wd-section-stretch e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4ef82dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1224c4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1224c4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6fdcfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c6fdcfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Power electronics components and circuits<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31bf9fc color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31bf9fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In power electronics, special circuits and components are used to efficiently convert, control and regulate electrical energy. The choice of circuits and components depends on the specific application, e.g. whether it is a matter of converting direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) or adjusting the voltage. Some of the typical power electronics circuits and components are explained below:  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21e317a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21e317a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ea4b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b0ea4b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8d31cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a8d31cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Power electronics components and circuits<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-805785b elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"805785b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1340\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1340\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Inverter circuit (inverter) <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1340\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c8cf8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c8cf8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90a190f color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90a190f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).<\/p><p><strong>Types:<\/strong><br><strong>&#8211; Half-wave rectifier:<\/strong> Uses only one half-wave of the alternating current.<br><strong>&#8211; Bridge rectifier:<\/strong> Uses both half-waves and therefore provides better rectification.<\/p><p><strong>Application:<\/strong> In power supply units and for energy conversion in solar systems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1341\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1341\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\">   Inverter circuit (inverter) <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1341\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77d4f51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77d4f51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eedda21 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eedda21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Converts direct current into alternating current.<\/p><p><strong>Types:<\/strong><br><strong>&#8211; Full bridge inverter:<\/strong> Switches the current through a bridge circuit to generate alternating voltage.<br><strong>&#8211; PWM inverter (pulse width modulation):<\/strong> Generates alternating current with variable frequency and amplitude through rapid switching operations.<\/p><p><strong>Application:<\/strong> In photovoltaic systems, electric vehicles and motor controllers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1342\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1342\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\">   DC-DC converter (chopper\/converter) <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1342\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a367d67 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a367d67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e676755 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e676755\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Converts a DC voltage into another DC voltage (up or down).<\/p><p>Types:<br><strong>&#8211; Buck converter:<\/strong> Reduces the voltage.<br><strong>&#8211; Boost converter:<\/strong> Increases the voltage.<br><strong>&#8211; Buck-boost converter:<\/strong> Can both increase and decrease the voltage.<\/p><p><strong>Application:<\/strong> Battery management systems, power supply units and electronic devices.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1343\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1343\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> AC-AC converter (cycloconverter) <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1343\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f2481b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9f2481b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e9ba4e color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e9ba4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Converts alternating current with a certain frequency into alternating current with a different frequency.<\/p><p><strong>Types:<\/strong><br><strong>&#8211; Direct AC-AC converter:<\/strong> Does not use an intermediate stage with direct current.<br><strong>&#8211; Indirect AC-AC converter:<\/strong> First converts AC to DC and then back to AC at a different frequency.<\/p><p><strong>Application:<\/strong> In motor controls, frequency converters and for voltage regulation in electrical networks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f988c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f988c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cce19e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cce19e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typical power electronics components<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bd9647 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"5bd9647\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9630\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9630\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Diodes <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9630\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7be6d6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7be6d6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fd4329 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fd4329\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Conducts current in one direction only, often used for rectification.<\/p><p><strong>Power semiconductor diodes:<\/strong> Used in high power applications such as rectifiers.<\/p><p><strong>Fast diodes:<\/strong> For applications where fast switching is required, such as in high-frequency circuits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9631\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9631\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Thyristors (SCR, Silicon Controlled Rectifier) <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9631\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbfe09b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cbfe09b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa3a9e1 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa3a9e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Semiconductor switches that are made conductive by a control pulse and remain in a conductive state until the current through them becomes zero.<\/p><p><strong>Application:<\/strong> In high-power applications such as phase angle control, rectifiers and in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmissions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9632\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9632\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\">   Transistors <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9632\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1957bef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1957bef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fa8777 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0fa8777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor):<\/strong> Fast switch with low switching losses, particularly suitable for low-voltage and high-frequency applications.<\/p><p><strong>IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor):<\/strong> Combines the advantages of MOSFETs (easy control) and bipolar transistors (high voltage and current carrying capacity). Frequently used in inverters and motor drives. <\/p><p><strong>Bipolar transistors (BJT):<\/strong> Are used less frequently in power electronics because they switch more slowly than MOSFETs and IGBTs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9633\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9633\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Triacs <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9633\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50ce268 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50ce268\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c2c446 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c2c446\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Bidirectional switch that can control alternating current.<\/p><p><strong>Application:<\/strong> In dimmable light switches and leading edge phase control systems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9634\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9634\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Capacitors <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9634\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04ed0a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"04ed0a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-778c4a3 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"778c4a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Storage of electrical energy and smoothing of voltages.<\/p><p><strong>Application:<\/strong> In rectifiers for smoothing direct current and in circuits for filtering and energy storage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9635\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9635\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\">   Inductors (coils) <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9635\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83dc010 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"83dc010\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2669f4b color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2669f4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Storage of energy in the form of magnetic fields and filtering of interference signals.<\/p><p><strong>Application:<\/strong> In DC-DC converters and for interference suppression in circuits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9636\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9636\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Transformers <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9636\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ad519d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ad519d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a28e48a color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a28e48a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Task:<\/strong> Convert voltages in AC systems by electromagnetic induction.<\/p><p><strong>Application:<\/strong> In inverters, power supplies and grid substations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c0cfde e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c0cfde\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af155d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"af155d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-006a552 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"006a552\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Switching strategies<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c133cc9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c133cc9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f6794d elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"9f6794d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPulse width modulation (PWM)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tA commonly used technique in which the on and off time of a transistor is varied to control the average output voltage.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6619a16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6619a16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhase angle control\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tUses thyristors or triacs to control the power by delaying the ignition timing in the AC cycle.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26179b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26179b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a0783d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8a0783d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-285bc30 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"285bc30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m12 0c-6.617 0-12 5.383-12 12s5.383 12 12 12 12-5.383 12-12-5.383-12-12-12zm0 5c.552 0 1 .448 1 1s-.448 1-1 1-1-.448-1-1 .448-1 1-1zm2.25 14h-4.5c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.25v-6h-.75c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.75c.553 0 1 .448 1 1v7h1.25c.553 0 1 .448 1 1s-.447 1-1 1z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPower electronics is therefore central to modern, energy-efficient and sustainable technology development.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-07047af e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"07047af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9247577 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9247577\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b25bdf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b25bdf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-951c20d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"951c20d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cooling the power electronics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89ecd77 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89ecd77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The cooling of power electronics plays a crucial role because power electronics components such as transistors, diodes and thyristors operate at high currents and voltages and generate considerable amounts of heat in the process. This heat must be dissipated effectively to protect the components from overheating and to ensure the performance and reliability of the entire system. Here are the main reasons why cooling is of central importance in power electronics:  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57c1876 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57c1876\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-311360d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"311360d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c97686 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0c97686\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8635b4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8635b4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prevention of thermal damage<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-065d3ef color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"065d3ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Overheating protection:<\/strong> Electronic components have specific temperature limits. If these are exceeded, this can lead to permanent damage to the semiconductor materials and malfunctions. In extreme cases, a thermal runaway can occur, in which the component is completely destroyed.  <\/p><p><strong>Reduction in service life:<\/strong> Semiconductor components are sensitive to high temperatures. Even if no immediate damage occurs, the permanent exposure to increased temperatures can significantly shorten the service life of the components. A long service life is particularly important in industrial applications.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf078da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf078da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8cb12d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8cb12d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maintaining efficiency<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36a3448 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36a3448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Performance losses due to heat:<\/strong> The electrical properties of semiconductors change with temperature. Overheating often leads to increased losses due to switching and on-state resistance, which reduces the efficiency of the circuit. In power electronics systems designed for high efficiency, it is important to keep temperatures low in order to minimize power loss.  <\/p><p><strong>Power loss in the form of heat:<\/strong> Each switching operation in transistors or diodes generates a small amount of energy loss that must be dissipated in the form of heat. Particularly in systems that constantly process high power, this heat loss can add up and cause considerable temperatures. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eb8ccd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7eb8ccd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c034b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9c034b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5350036 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5350036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Increased reliability<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93779cb color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93779cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Temperature-dependent component parameters:<\/strong> The electrical parameters of power semiconductors, such as on-resistance or switching times, are highly dependent on temperature. Insufficient cooling can lead to unstable operating points that impair the controllability and controllability of the system. <\/p><p><strong>Temperature stress:<\/strong> Constant temperature cycles, i.e. the heating and cooling of components, can lead to mechanical stresses in the materials and solder joints. In the long term, these stresses lead to microcracks or other mechanical defects, causing the electronics to fail. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3831b1f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3831b1f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8678a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e8678a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Miniaturization and high power density<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fbbc79 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fbbc79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Compact design:<\/strong> Modern power electronic systems are often very compact and have a high power density. This means that a lot of power is processed in a small space, which leads to increased heat density. Without efficient cooling, the heat generated in such compact systems could quickly lead to overheating.  <\/p><p><strong>Thermal management requirements:<\/strong> As power density increases in modern devices such as electric vehicles, solar inverters or industrial drives, advanced cooling solutions are needed to safely and reliably manage the high energy density.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3558c5d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3558c5d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e8739b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e8739b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699eba4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"699eba4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prevention of thermal runaway<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db6f319 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db6f319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Thermal runaway:<\/strong> This is a dangerous phenomenon where an increase in temperature leads to a further increase in current, which in turn further increases the temperature. This cycle can lead to failure of the component. Efficient cooling prevents such situations from developing.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd333aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd333aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21d956e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21d956e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-732a61d elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"732a61d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m12 0c-6.617 0-12 5.383-12 12s5.383 12 12 12 12-5.383 12-12-5.383-12-12-12zm0 5c.552 0 1 .448 1 1s-.448 1-1 1-1-.448-1-1 .448-1 1-1zm2.25 14h-4.5c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.25v-6h-.75c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.75c.553 0 1 .448 1 1v7h1.25c.553 0 1 .448 1 1s-.447 1-1 1z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\nPower electronics uses special circuits (such as rectifiers, inverters, converters) and components (such as diodes, transistors, thyristors) to efficiently convert and control electrical energy. They enable applications such as motor controls, voltage conversions and energy networks to be operated efficiently and flexibly. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-2f18c5e wd-section-stretch e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2f18c5e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88a934a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"88a934a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-722367a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"722367a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cooling methods in power electronics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db2dfc4 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db2dfc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are various methods that are used for cooling in power electronics:<\/p><p><strong>Passive cooling:<\/strong> Uses heat sinks that dissipate heat to the ambient air by convection. This method is used in many systems because it is simple and low-maintenance. <\/p><p><strong>Active cooling:<\/strong> Involves the use of fans or liquid cooling systems to dissipate heat more efficiently. Active cooling is often used in high-performance systems where passive cooling is not sufficient. <\/p><p><strong>Liquid cooling:<\/strong> For particularly powerful applications, liquid cooling can be used, in which a cooling liquid is pumped through the system to dissipate the heat.<\/p><p><strong>Thermal interface materials (TIMs):<\/strong> These materials help to transfer heat from the components to the heat sinks by reducing thermal resistance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a45bc4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9a45bc4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17854a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"17854a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9a1b37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d9a1b37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30a88df elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"30a88df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m12 0c-6.617 0-12 5.383-12 12s5.383 12 12 12 12-5.383 12-12-5.383-12-12-12zm0 5c.552 0 1 .448 1 1s-.448 1-1 1-1-.448-1-1 .448-1 1-1zm2.25 14h-4.5c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.25v-6h-.75c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.75c.553 0 1 .448 1 1v7h1.25c.553 0 1 .448 1 1s-.447 1-1 1z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCooling power electronics is essential to prevent thermal damage, maintain efficiency and reliability and extend the service life of the components. With increasing power density and miniaturization, thermal management is becoming increasingly important and modern cooling techniques are required to ensure the safe and efficient operation of systems. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-7f0ac66 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7f0ac66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddbcfa4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ddbcfa4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c8f62d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6c8f62d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Intelligent cooling solutions for power electronics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-249cc82 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"249cc82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An intelligent cooling solution for power electronics that relies exclusively on the use of fans can be achieved by integrating modern control and monitoring technologies as well as an optimized arrangement of components. Here are some aspects that such a solution could take into account: <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da40def e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da40def\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc4a584 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc4a584\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-455d6be elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"455d6be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7270\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7270\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Temperature monitoring and control <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7270\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9e78bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9e78bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4297df9 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4297df9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sensor-based temperature detection:<\/strong> To enable precise control of the fans, temperature sensors are placed at critical points in the power electronics, such as on the semiconductors (MOSFETs, IGBTs) or on the heat sinks. These sensors monitor the temperature in real time and provide continuous feedback to a central control system. <\/p><p><strong>Dynamic fan control:<\/strong> Instead of running the fans continuously at a fixed speed, the fan speed can be dynamically adjusted to the current temperature of the components. This saves energy and reduces the noise level, as the fans only operate at full power when required. PWM-controlled fan regulation (pulse width modulation) could ensure that the fan speed is adapted precisely to the cooling requirements.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7271\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7271\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Optimized airflow routing <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7271\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8199193 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8199193\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba6a4b4 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba6a4b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Geometric optimization of the fan arrangement:<\/strong> Well-planned airflow routing is crucial for cooling efficiency. The airflow should be directed specifically over the components that generate the most heat. For this purpose, the housing geometry can be designed in such a way that air flows are directed specifically to the components and hot air is effectively dissipated.  <\/p><p><strong>Channel structure for airflow:<\/strong> Channels or baffles can be integrated within the housing to direct the airflow. These prevent the air from accumulating in blind spots and ensure that all critical components are cooled evenly. <\/p><p><strong>Push-pull fan configuration:<\/strong> In this configuration, fans are located at both the inlet and outlet of the enclosure. The front fan pulls cool air into the enclosure, while the rear fan blows the heated air out. This method increases the air flow rate and ensures more effective cooling.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7272\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7272\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fan optimization and selection <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7272\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a0413 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2a0413\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1211715 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1211715\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Highly efficient fans:<\/strong> The use of energy-efficient, low-noise fans with optimized fan blades can maximize cooling with minimal energy consumption and noise. Modern fans are designed to provide higher airflow at lower speeds. <\/p><p><strong>Variable geometry fans:<\/strong> Some modern fans have adaptable blade geometries that can adjust the airflow to move more or less air depending on requirements. This could further increase efficiency by automatically optimizing the airflow as required. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7273\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7273\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Combination with heat conducting components <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7273\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4acf13 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4acf13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad42372 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad42372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Thermal interface materials (TIMs):<\/strong> To maximize fan efficiency, highly conductive thermal materials (such as thermal pastes or pads) can be used between the heat-generating components and the heat sinks. These materials ensure that the heat is effectively transferred to the heat sinks so that the fans can work efficiently. <\/p><p><strong>High-performance heat sinks:<\/strong> The fans work most efficiently in combination with well-designed heat sinks that have large surfaces for heat dissipation. Finned heat sinks or heat sinks with finned structures can be used to increase surface area and maximize airflow. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7274\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7274\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Intelligent control and communication <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7274\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd9a0a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dd9a0a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b76eed color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b76eed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Microcontroller-based fan control:<\/strong> A microcontroller or integrated control system can automatically regulate the fans. This system would access data from the temperature sensors and adjust the fan speed and airflow to ensure optimal cooling. When temperatures rise, the microcontroller would increase the speed, and when temperatures fall, it could reduce the fan speed or even switch off the fans to save energy.  <\/p><p><strong>Networked fan control:<\/strong> In large systems with several fans, a networked fan control system could be used in which the fans communicate with each other to coordinate the air flow. This ensures that no fans operate unnecessarily or that no superfluous flow barriers are created. <\/p><p><strong>Warning systems and protection mechanisms:<\/strong> If a fan fails or overheats, alarm systems could be activated to shut down the system or switch on replacement fans. This protects the power electronics from damage. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7275\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7275\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Dust and dirt management <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7275\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-890964b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"890964b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fa1e3d color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0fa1e3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Dust filters:<\/strong> To ensure the long-term efficiency of the fans, dust filters can be used to prevent dust particles from blocking the airways and impairing cooling performance. These filters should be easily accessible to enable regular maintenance. <\/p><p><strong>Automatic cleaning mechanisms:<\/strong> Some advanced fan solutions offer automatic cleaning technologies that run fans in reverse at regular intervals to blow away accumulated dust and dirt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7276\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7276\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><span class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Software-supported optimization <\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7276\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b70e6f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b70e6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a886ba color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a886ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Cooling optimization software:<\/strong> Thermal management software can be used to simulate and analyse the temperature distribution in the power electronics. This software helps to identify critical points and optimize the cooling system so that the fans work as efficiently as possible. <\/p><p><strong>Machine learning:<\/strong> Future systems could be based on artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning algorithms that learn from past operating data in order to optimize cooling behaviour. The fans could be controlled so intelligently that they react proactively to possible heat developments and adjust the cooling capacity accordingly. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72c9d56 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"72c9d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:svgjs=\"http:\/\/svgjs.dev\/svgjs\" id=\"bold\" height=\"300\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"300\"><g width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" transform=\"matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)\"><path d=\"m12 0c-6.617 0-12 5.383-12 12s5.383 12 12 12 12-5.383 12-12-5.383-12-12-12zm0 5c.552 0 1 .448 1 1s-.448 1-1 1-1-.448-1-1 .448-1 1-1zm2.25 14h-4.5c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.25v-6h-.75c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1h1.75c.553 0 1 .448 1 1v7h1.25c.553 0 1 .448 1 1s-.447 1-1 1z\" fill=\"#4b76f9\" fill-opacity=\"1\" data-original-color=\"#000000ff\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-opacity=\"1\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPower electronics uses special circuits (such as rectifiers, inverters, converters) and components (such as diodes, transistors, thyristors) to efficiently convert and control electrical energy. They enable applications such as motor controls, voltage conversions and energy networks to be operated efficiently and flexibly. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-111e138 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"111e138\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-d50bd94 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d50bd94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-030c4a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"030c4a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d45e6e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d45e6e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d2a535 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d2a535\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Do you have any questions or would you like some advice?<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-877e545 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"877e545\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We will be happy to answer any questions you may have and look forward to hearing from you.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b3b914 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b3b914\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7363855 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7363855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.breuell-hilgenfeldt.de\/en\/contact-form\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d35cb7b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d35cb7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d51d50 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d51d50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You can reach us <strong>Monday to Thursday<\/strong> from <strong>8 a.m. to 5 p.m.<\/strong> and <strong>Friday<\/strong> from <strong>8 a.m. to 2 p.m.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Power electronics Power electronics is a branch of electrical engineering that deals with the conversion and control of electrical energy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":23851,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-30919","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cooling the power electronics | Breuell &amp; Hilgenfeldt GmbH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cooling the power electronics: Heat must be dissipated effectively to protect the components from overheating. 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